Describe “structure, process, and outcome” in the assessment of the quality of medical care, and provide examples of each dimension

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DISCUSSION Question:

For many years, hospital accreditation bodies assumed that if the structural criteria were met, that is, that the physical plant, the qualifications of the staff, and the necessary equipment were in place, the quality of the services would automatically be acceptable. Subsequently, accreditation groups decided that they had also better look at the medical records to see how the services were being provided. They assumed that, if the necessary structure was in place, and the required services were delivered as prescribed, the quality of care would be acceptable. Now, these same accrediting groups find it necessary to look at the outcomes of care as well.

Describe “structure, process, and outcome” in the assessment of the quality of medical care, and provide examples of each dimension.

How are the three dimensions related?

Can these relationships be trusted to assure the quality of care in the complex, high-tech world of modern medicine? If not, why?

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Managed care organizations emphasize physicians’ responsibilities to control patient access to expensive hospitalization and specialty care

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Complete ALL of the bullet points below:

Compare and contrast each of the three questions related to Managed Care Organizations, Medicare, and Medicaid with one another and explain how they were similar and different to each other.

  1. Managed care organizations emphasize physicians’ responsibilities to control patient access to expensive hospitalization and specialty care, a principle dubbed “gatekeeping.” Some argue that “gatekeeping” is unethical because it introduces financial factors into treatment decisions. Others say it improves quality by promoting the use of the most appropriate levels of care.
  2. Medicare is an area that often gets overlooked and is seen as a burden financially. Discuss alternatives to ease the drain on Medicare resources.
  3. Medicaid is shouldering an ever-increasing burden of cost for long-term care for the elderly, with enormous impacts on state budgets throughout the nation. Discuss alternatives to ease this drain on Medicaid resources.

Develop an APA-formatted essay discussing the three entities.

Describe what they are and how they differ. Include an introduction to let the reader know what will be found in the essay.

Create a table to provide comparison of the three entities. The table can be used as the body of the paper, or it can be added as an addendum after the Reference page. If you opt to add it as an addendum, refer to the table in the narrative in the body of the essay.

As in all essays, include a conclusion to provide a summary of the material. This assignment highlights your ability to do research and display information in a table format. Include citations, as appropriate, for information in the table. Refer to chapter 7 in the APA manual, specifically pages 223 -224 for information on tables using words for displaying information.

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Discuss and provide the rationale for your opinion on providing data in areas such as patient outcomes, compliance with national standards for preventive and chronic care, and comparative costs to the public

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Many consumer and health care advocacy initiatives are converging toward a mandate to provide public access to many types of information about managed care organization (MCO) performance, costs, and quality. In fact, employers in the many parts of the country who are the major purchasers of health insurance are now requiring MCOs to make “health plan performance data” available to subscribers to facilitate their choice of plans.

Discuss and provide the rationale for your opinion on providing data in areas such as patient outcomes, compliance with national standards for preventive and chronic care, and comparative costs to the public.

What obligation, if any, does an employer, and/or MCO have to educate subscribers in how to interpret performance data? At whose expense should such education be provided?

What are the possible benefits or disadvantages to making such performance data available to the public?

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Public health efforts and those of private medicine complement each other and together serve the spectrum of health service needs of American society

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Professional Development Assignments:

• Public health efforts and those of private medicine complement each other and together serve the spectrum of health service needs of American society. Why, then, has their relationship been so contentious?
• The Institute of Medicine report of 1999 cites two major studies that establish medical errors as one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Should the federal government take the necessary steps to monitor the status of this high-risk situation, as it does with other epidemics, or should the government continue to trust the providers of health care to deal forthrightly with the problem?
• Analyze why legislative attempts to address only one of the trio of rising costs, lack of universal access, or variable quality of health care only worsens the remaining two.

Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two (2) scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

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This presentation will examine the role of the nurse as a health professional and leader

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Assignment Description:

Signature Assignment: Improving Health Care Delivery

Presentation:

Among various stakeholders, the registered nurse is an advocate for patients, their health and the care delivered to them. There is a need to evaluate the health status of vulnerable populations, to assess nursing’s role in health initiatives, and to find ways that we can help improve health. This presentation enables students to assess the role of organized efforts to influence health care delivery, and the contributions of medical technology, research findings, and societal values on our evolving health care delivery system.

This presentation will examine the role of the nurse as a health professional and leader.

• Choose a high-risk risk population
• Address a health care need for this population
• What resources are provided for this population?
• What are the economic priorities, challenges, and issues for this population?
• What are the major ethical, societal, professional, and legal system-level issues confronting providers, insurers, public policymakers, and organizations regarding the care for this population?
• How could nursing intervene or advocate to improve the health care delivery for this population?

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The wisdom of depending on International Medical School Graduates (IMGs) to fill gaps in physician supply

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Discussion Question:

The wisdom of depending on International Medical School Graduates (IMGs) to fill gaps in physician supply, while US medical schools hold class size constant, is questionable. In addition, the aging of the physician workforce, the decreasing hours worked by both physicians in practice and physicians in residency, and a 20 percent reduction in the effort of the increasing proportion of minority physicians, will result in a significant decrease in the “effective” supply of physicians. Should the gap be filled by a major substitution of nurse practitioners, physician assistants, chiropractors, acupuncturists, and others, or are there alternatives?

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Definitions of the quality of medical care are no longer left to clinicians who decide for themselves what technical performance constitutes “good care”

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Complete ALL of the bullet points below:

• Definitions of the quality of medical care are no longer left to clinicians who decide for themselves what technical performance constitutes “good care.” What are the other dimensions of quality care and why are they important? What has changed since the days when “doctor knows best?”
• Quality in medical care may be defined as achieving the greatest benefit at the lowest risk. How have the priorities of our health care system and the allocation of resources addressed this goal?
• Contrast the definitions of implicit and explicit criteria in assessing health care quality. How is each type of criterion useful in quality assessment?

Please submit one APA formatted paper between 1000 – 1500 words, not including the title and reference page. The assignment should have a minimum of two (2) scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

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Why did the Hawthorne studies and McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y have an impact on the study of organizational behavior

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Assignment Description:

Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation (15 slides, minimum) with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with at least four (4) citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end. Follow best practices for PowerPoint presentations (an example is located in the Resources tab) related to text size, color, images, effects, wordiness, multimedia and graphic enhancements.

1. Why did the Hawthorne studies and McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y have an impact on the study of organizational behavior?
2. Explain why and how changes in the U.S. demographics affect the healthcare industry.
3. How does attribution theory allow managers to “justify” workers’ behaviors?
4. What tools and/or techniques could a manager used to ensure that the message communicated is understood by the receiver as intended.

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Explain what is meant by a manager’s power base, the ways a manager develops it, and how a manager can effectively use it to achieve organizational and personal goals.

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Assignment Description:

Based on what you have learned so far this week, create a PowerPoint presentation (minimum 17 slides) with detailed notes for each slide that addresses each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with at least four (4) citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end. Follow best practices for PowerPoint presentations (an example is in the Resources tab) related to text size, color, images, effects, wordiness, and multimedia enhancements.

1. Explain what is meant by a manager’s power base, the ways a manager develops it, and how a manager can effectively use it to achieve organizational and personal goals.
2. Discuss what is meant by upstream influence and the various influence tactics categories associated with it.
3. Explain the difference between the University of Michigan studies and the Ohio State studies.
4. Summarize the path-goal model of leadership. What theories of motivation can you tie to the assumptions of the model?
5. Explain why the study of leadership styles and approaches tends to generate much controversy among researchers and academics.

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Advanced registered nurses work in highly collaborative environments and must collaborate with interdisciplinary teams in order to provide excellent patient care

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Nursing Roles Graphic
Organizer
Advanced registered nurses work in highly collaborative environments and must collaborate with
interdisciplinary teams in order to provide excellent patient care. Besides knowing the role and scope
of one's own practice, it is essential to understand the role and scope of other nurse specialties to
ensure effective collaboration among nurses, the organization, and other professionals with whom
advanced registered nurses regularly interact.
Use the "Nursing Roles Graphic Organizer Template" to differentiate how advanced registered nurse
roles relate to and collaborate with different areas of nursing practice. Compare your future role with
one of the following: nurse educator; nurse leader; family nurse practitioner; acute care nurse
practitioner; graduate nurse with an emphasis/specialty in public health, health care administration,
business, or informatics; clinical nurse specialist; doctor of nursing practice. Indicate in the
appropriate columns on the template which roles you are comparing.
Make sure to compare the following areas of practice in your graphic organizer:
1. Ethics
2. Education
3. Leadership
4. Public Health
5. Health Care Administration
6. Informatics
7. Business/Finance
8. Specialty (e.g., Family, Acute Care)
Include any regulatory bodies or certification agencies that provide guidance or parameters on how
these roles incorporate concepts into practice.
You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published
within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected,
and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be
found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become
familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

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