Goals in nursing pharmacology Characteristics of an ideal drug…

Goals in nursing pharmacology
Characteristics of an ideal drug
Drug development
How to evaluate effectiveness (occurs in Phase 2- What do we know about placebos?)
How are drugs are classified?
What is a drug prototype and how are they used to learn pharmacology?
Enteral vs parenteral
Define bioavailability
How routes effects bioavailability (PO, IV, IM, SC, PR, inhalation, transdermal, topical)
Pharmacokinetics
Understand the process of the four categories (absorption, metabolism (biotransformation) and
elimination)
How routes affect absorption, onset, and medication effect on the body
Define the first pass effect
Benefits of IV administration
Role of sustained release, enteric coating, and depot IM injections in absorption
Benefits of a transdermal patch
The liver’s role in drug metabolism
Factors that influence metabolism
Factors that influence distribution, including barriers
What are the organs that play major roles in drug elimination?
Define half-life
Pharmacodynamics
Define pharmacodynamics
Potency vs efficacy
Agonist vs antagonist effect
Therapeutic index definition (high vs low index)
Peak and trough definition and when these levels are drawn
Pharmacotherapeutics
Tolerance vs dependence
Basic Principles and Geriatrics (Module 2)
Adverse drug effects vs side effects
Adverse effects
Drug allergies- signs and symptoms
Anaphylactic shock- signs and symptoms, priorities in assessment and care
Risk-benefit ratio
Pregnancy Risk Categories- define each category (A, B, C, D, X)
Current FDA (Food and Drug Administration) Pregnancy Category Ratings (What is considered high risk or low risk?)
Toxicity and Adverse Effects
Nephrotoxicity complications and signs and symptoms including lab values
Hepatotoxicity risk factors and signs and symptoms
Dermatologic toxicity signs and symptoms
Photosensitivity
Stevens Johnson Syndrome
Angioedema causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment
Cardiac adverse effects- complications
Musculoskeletal adverse effects- complications and lab values
Preventing medication errors
Causes of drug interactions- what can interact with drugs?
Causes of medication errors
Rights of medications (components of all)
How do we prevent errors with look-alike sound-alike drugs?
Reputable references the bedside nurse should use to look up medication information
Required components of medication prescription
Medication reconciliation purpose, process, and components
Proper dose writing for decimals
Dosing for children- why do we need their height and weight?
Nurse’s role in medication adherence- what do we assess?
Physiological changes of the elderly
Herbals (Module 3)
Benefits and risks of CAM
Safety concerns of CAM
Dietary supplement regulation
Nursing responsibilities
Indications, actions, adverse effects, contraindications, and nursing care for:
Aloe
Black cohosh
Echinacea
Feverfew
Garlic
Ginger root
Gingko Biloba
Glucosamine
Kava
St Johns wort
Saw Palmetto
Valerian
Ginseng
Cannabis

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